Not long after Christ founded the church, heresies began cropping up regarding the triune nature of God: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.1 Today, we still see false beliefs about the triune God—perhaps none more than heresies attacking the role of the Holy Spirit.

At first glance, the details can appear subtle as these heresies describe the Holy Spirit as a presence or a power, while denying His personhood. For example, binitarianism is a small but growing heresy extending from the fourth century AD. Binitarianism is the belief that God exists as only two persons, Father and Son, rejecting the Holy Spirit’s deity and personhood and refusing to worship Him as part of the Trinity.